Integrand size = 23, antiderivative size = 162 \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-b x^4} \left (c-d x^4\right )} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {1-\frac {b x^4}{a}} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (-\frac {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {d}}{\sqrt {b} \sqrt {c}},\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right ),-1\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{b} c \sqrt {a-b x^4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {1-\frac {b x^4}{a}} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {d}}{\sqrt {b} \sqrt {c}},\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right ),-1\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{b} c \sqrt {a-b x^4}} \]
1/2*a^(1/4)*EllipticPi(b^(1/4)*x/a^(1/4),-a^(1/2)*d^(1/2)/b^(1/2)/c^(1/2), I)*(1-b*x^4/a)^(1/2)/b^(1/4)/c/(-b*x^4+a)^(1/2)+1/2*a^(1/4)*EllipticPi(b^( 1/4)*x/a^(1/4),a^(1/2)*d^(1/2)/b^(1/2)/c^(1/2),I)*(1-b*x^4/a)^(1/2)/b^(1/4 )/c/(-b*x^4+a)^(1/2)
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 6 vs. order 4 in optimal.
Time = 10.22 (sec) , antiderivative size = 156, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.96 \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-b x^4} \left (c-d x^4\right )} \, dx=-\frac {5 a c x \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {1}{4},\frac {1}{2},1,\frac {5}{4},\frac {b x^4}{a},\frac {d x^4}{c}\right )}{\sqrt {a-b x^4} \left (-c+d x^4\right ) \left (5 a c \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {1}{4},\frac {1}{2},1,\frac {5}{4},\frac {b x^4}{a},\frac {d x^4}{c}\right )+2 x^4 \left (2 a d \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {5}{4},\frac {1}{2},2,\frac {9}{4},\frac {b x^4}{a},\frac {d x^4}{c}\right )+b c \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {5}{4},\frac {3}{2},1,\frac {9}{4},\frac {b x^4}{a},\frac {d x^4}{c}\right )\right )\right )} \]
(-5*a*c*x*AppellF1[1/4, 1/2, 1, 5/4, (b*x^4)/a, (d*x^4)/c])/(Sqrt[a - b*x^ 4]*(-c + d*x^4)*(5*a*c*AppellF1[1/4, 1/2, 1, 5/4, (b*x^4)/a, (d*x^4)/c] + 2*x^4*(2*a*d*AppellF1[5/4, 1/2, 2, 9/4, (b*x^4)/a, (d*x^4)/c] + b*c*Appell F1[5/4, 3/2, 1, 9/4, (b*x^4)/a, (d*x^4)/c])))
Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 162, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 4, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.174, Rules used = {925, 27, 1543, 1542}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-b x^4} \left (c-d x^4\right )} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 925 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {c}}{\left (\sqrt {c}-\sqrt {d} x^2\right ) \sqrt {a-b x^4}}dx}{2 c}+\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {c}}{\left (\sqrt {d} x^2+\sqrt {c}\right ) \sqrt {a-b x^4}}dx}{2 c}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 27 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\int \frac {1}{\left (\sqrt {c}-\sqrt {d} x^2\right ) \sqrt {a-b x^4}}dx}{2 \sqrt {c}}+\frac {\int \frac {1}{\left (\sqrt {d} x^2+\sqrt {c}\right ) \sqrt {a-b x^4}}dx}{2 \sqrt {c}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1543 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt {1-\frac {b x^4}{a}} \int \frac {1}{\left (\sqrt {c}-\sqrt {d} x^2\right ) \sqrt {1-\frac {b x^4}{a}}}dx}{2 \sqrt {c} \sqrt {a-b x^4}}+\frac {\sqrt {1-\frac {b x^4}{a}} \int \frac {1}{\left (\sqrt {d} x^2+\sqrt {c}\right ) \sqrt {1-\frac {b x^4}{a}}}dx}{2 \sqrt {c} \sqrt {a-b x^4}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1542 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {1-\frac {b x^4}{a}} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (-\frac {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {d}}{\sqrt {b} \sqrt {c}},\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right ),-1\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{b} c \sqrt {a-b x^4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {1-\frac {b x^4}{a}} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {d}}{\sqrt {b} \sqrt {c}},\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right ),-1\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{b} c \sqrt {a-b x^4}}\) |
(a^(1/4)*Sqrt[1 - (b*x^4)/a]*EllipticPi[-((Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[d])/(Sqrt[b]*Sqrt[ c])), ArcSin[(b^(1/4)*x)/a^(1/4)], -1])/(2*b^(1/4)*c*Sqrt[a - b*x^4]) + (a ^(1/4)*Sqrt[1 - (b*x^4)/a]*EllipticPi[(Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[d])/(Sqrt[b]*Sqrt[c]), ArcSin[(b^(1/4)*x)/a^(1/4)], -1])/(2*b^(1/4)*c*Sqrt[a - b*x^4])
3.2.76.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] && !Ma tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
Int[1/(Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^4]*((c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^4)), x_Symbol] :> Simp[ 1/(2*c) Int[1/(Sqrt[a + b*x^4]*(1 - Rt[-d/c, 2]*x^2)), x], x] + Simp[1/(2 *c) Int[1/(Sqrt[a + b*x^4]*(1 + Rt[-d/c, 2]*x^2)), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0]
Int[1/(((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)*Sqrt[(a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^4]), x_Symbol] :> With[ {q = Rt[-c/a, 4]}, Simp[(1/(d*Sqrt[a]*q))*EllipticPi[-e/(d*q^2), ArcSin[q*x ], -1], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, c, d, e}, x] && NegQ[c/a] && GtQ[a, 0]
Int[1/(((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)*Sqrt[(a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^4]), x_Symbol] :> Simp[ Sqrt[1 + c*(x^4/a)]/Sqrt[a + c*x^4] Int[1/((d + e*x^2)*Sqrt[1 + c*(x^4/a) ]), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, c, d, e}, x] && NegQ[c/a] && !GtQ[a, 0]
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 4.
Time = 4.23 (sec) , antiderivative size = 183, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.13
method | result | size |
default | \(-\frac {\munderset {\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (d \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}-c \right )}{\sum }\frac {-\frac {\operatorname {arctanh}\left (\frac {-2 b \,x^{2} \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{2}+2 a}{2 \sqrt {\frac {a d -b c}{d}}\, \sqrt {-b \,x^{4}+a}}\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {a d -b c}{d}}}-\frac {2 \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{3} d \sqrt {1-\frac {x^{2} \sqrt {b}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2} \sqrt {b}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \Pi \left (x \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {b}}{\sqrt {a}}}, \frac {\sqrt {a}\, \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{2} d}{\sqrt {b}\, c}, \frac {\sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt {b}}{\sqrt {a}}}}{\sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {b}}{\sqrt {a}}}}\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {b}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, c \sqrt {-b \,x^{4}+a}}}{\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{3}}}{8 d}\) | \(183\) |
elliptic | \(-\frac {\munderset {\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (d \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}-c \right )}{\sum }\frac {-\frac {\operatorname {arctanh}\left (\frac {-2 b \,x^{2} \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{2}+2 a}{2 \sqrt {\frac {a d -b c}{d}}\, \sqrt {-b \,x^{4}+a}}\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {a d -b c}{d}}}-\frac {2 \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{3} d \sqrt {1-\frac {x^{2} \sqrt {b}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2} \sqrt {b}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \Pi \left (x \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {b}}{\sqrt {a}}}, \frac {\sqrt {a}\, \underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{2} d}{\sqrt {b}\, c}, \frac {\sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt {b}}{\sqrt {a}}}}{\sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {b}}{\sqrt {a}}}}\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {b}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, c \sqrt {-b \,x^{4}+a}}}{\underline {\hspace {1.25 ex}}\alpha ^{3}}}{8 d}\) | \(183\) |
-1/8/d*sum(1/_alpha^3*(-1/(1/d*(a*d-b*c))^(1/2)*arctanh(1/2*(-2*_alpha^2*b *x^2+2*a)/(1/d*(a*d-b*c))^(1/2)/(-b*x^4+a)^(1/2))-2/(1/a^(1/2)*b^(1/2))^(1 /2)*_alpha^3*d/c*(1-x^2*b^(1/2)/a^(1/2))^(1/2)*(1+x^2*b^(1/2)/a^(1/2))^(1/ 2)/(-b*x^4+a)^(1/2)*EllipticPi(x*(1/a^(1/2)*b^(1/2))^(1/2),a^(1/2)/b^(1/2) *_alpha^2/c*d,(-1/a^(1/2)*b^(1/2))^(1/2)/(1/a^(1/2)*b^(1/2))^(1/2))),_alph a=RootOf(_Z^4*d-c))
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-b x^4} \left (c-d x^4\right )} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
\[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-b x^4} \left (c-d x^4\right )} \, dx=- \int \frac {1}{- c \sqrt {a - b x^{4}} + d x^{4} \sqrt {a - b x^{4}}}\, dx \]
\[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-b x^4} \left (c-d x^4\right )} \, dx=\int { -\frac {1}{\sqrt {-b x^{4} + a} {\left (d x^{4} - c\right )}} \,d x } \]
\[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-b x^4} \left (c-d x^4\right )} \, dx=\int { -\frac {1}{\sqrt {-b x^{4} + a} {\left (d x^{4} - c\right )}} \,d x } \]
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-b x^4} \left (c-d x^4\right )} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-b\,x^4}\,\left (c-d\,x^4\right )} \,d x \]